When theories of cognitive development go to school Dan Schwartz School of Education, Stanford There are a variety of theories that propose people develop understanding by building up from concrete experience - these might include theories of embodied cognition, theories that propose a concrete to abstract shift, and theories that propose children should have hands-on activities. Despite my best efforts, I have yet to witness a child inducing a higher order structure from perceptual-motor activity alone. This talk considers some of the limitations of embodied theories of development, and tests an alternative that emphasizes the significance of cultural symbol systems in development and learning. (If you saw my talk at the developmental brown bag, this will be too similar to enjoy.)