The Neural Basis of Working Memory Mark D'Esposito In this talk, I will present data from several different experiments that used event-related fMRI to investigate the neural basis of component processes of working memory. The data presented will address the following questions: (1) Are regions of prefrontal cortex segregated by the type of material held in working memory or the type of processing performed on the information held in working memory? (2) Are processes such as storage and rehearsal, or updating and response inhibition, neurally dissociable? (3) what are the differential contributions of prefrontal and temporal cortex to working memory? (4) Do individual differences in behavioral performance on working memory tasks correlate with neural activity in specific regions of prefrontal cortex?